Mitochondria in brief
Mitochondria have their own small genome and carry out the reactions that finish the breakdown of fuel and store energy in ATP. They also release signals that other parts of the cell respond to.
A textbook account of that biology is background. It does not characterize a research material.
Peptides studied in experimental settings
In 2015, Lee and colleagues described MOTS-c as a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA. In that paper they reported effects on metabolic measures in mice, including obesity and insulin resistance under the conditions of the study.
The same paper discusses humanin as an earlier mitochondrial-derived peptide. SS-31 is a separate synthetic peptide studied for interactions with mitochondria. Those are research topics. This page does not cite a clinical outcome for SS-31, because no such outcome is being claimed for a listing.
What a mouse study does not establish
A result in mice or in cultured cells is preclinical. It can guide further research. It does not show what a compound does in people, and it does not show what is in a particular vial.
Dose, preparation, and administration are outside this article. The catalogue does not provide them.
Catalogue context
MOTS-c, humanin, and SS-31 are research listings. A link to a listing is a link to the catalogue record. It is not an endorsement of a health use, and it is not a statement that the listing was the material used in a published study.